Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 2

Probiotics have been investigated for their potential to support the immune system and reduce the incidence or severity of respiratory tract infections, including influenza. Several randomized controlled trials and meta-analyses have explored whether probiotic supplementation can reduce the duration, severity, or frequency of influenza-like illnesses. Some studies suggest that certain probiotic strains (most commonly Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium) may enhance immune responses and, in some populations, modestly reduce the risk or duration of viral respiratory infections.

However, evidence specifically targeting laboratory-confirmed influenza is limited and heterogeneous. While some meta-analyses report a reduction in overall upper respiratory tract infections with probiotics, the impact on influenza specifically is unclear, as many studies group influenza with other respiratory viruses. Additionally, results vary depending on the population studied, probiotic strains used, dosages, and study quality.

Overall, while there is a scientific rationale—given probiotics’ ability to modulate immune function—and some low to moderate quality evidence suggesting a possible benefit in reducing influenza-like illness, the strength of the evidence specifically for prevention or treatment of influenza is not robust. Thus, probiotics are sometimes used as an adjunct to support immune health, but they are not a substitute for vaccination or antiviral therapy in influenza management.

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