Synopsis

Source of validity: Traditional
Rating (out of 5): 2

Echinacea has a long history of traditional use among Native Americans and in Western herbalism for the prevention and treatment of respiratory infections, including influenza. Its popularity grew in the United States and Europe as a remedy for colds and flu-like symptoms. The rationale behind its traditional use is based on the belief that Echinacea stimulates the immune system, helping the body to fend off infections more effectively. However, scientific evidence supporting its effectiveness specifically for influenza, as opposed to the common cold, is limited and mixed. Some in vitro studies and animal models suggest immunomodulatory and antiviral properties, but clinical trials in humans have primarily focused on the common cold, with inconsistent results. Systematic reviews and meta-analyses generally conclude that while there may be a slight reduction in the risk or duration of upper respiratory tract infections, the benefit is modest and not specific to influenza viruses. As such, Echinacea's use for influenza is largely justified by traditional practice rather than robust scientific validation, and health authorities do not recommend it as a substitute for vaccination or antiviral medications.

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