Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 3

Cysteine compounds, particularly N-acetylcysteine (NAC), have some scientific evidence supporting their use as adjuncts in the management of influenza. NAC is a precursor to the antioxidant glutathione and possesses mucolytic properties. Several studies have explored its potential benefits in viral respiratory infections, including influenza. A notable randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial published in the European Respiratory Journal (1997) investigated NAC supplementation (600 mg twice daily) in elderly subjects during the winter season. Results showed a significant reduction in the frequency and severity of influenza-like episodes and a decrease in the duration and intensity of symptoms in those receiving NAC, despite similar rates of infection between groups. The proposed mechanisms include NAC's antioxidant effects and its role in modulating the immune response, potentially reducing oxidative stress and inflammation caused by the influenza virus.

However, while these results are promising, the overall body of evidence is limited, with few large-scale clinical trials specifically targeting influenza. Most supporting studies use NAC rather than generic "cysteine compounds," and evidence is stronger for prevention or symptom attenuation rather than as a curative treatment. As such, while there is some scientific validation for the use of NAC (a cysteine compound) to support influenza management, more robust and large-scale studies are needed to firmly establish its efficacy and optimal use. Other cysteine compounds are less studied for this indication.

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