Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 2

Beta-glucans are naturally occurring polysaccharides found in the cell walls of cereals, bacteria, and fungi. Their use for immune support, including against influenza, is primarily based on their ability to modulate the immune system rather than direct antiviral activity. Scientific studies, mostly in vitro and animal models, have shown that beta-glucans can stimulate various aspects of the innate immune system, such as enhancing macrophage and natural killer cell activity, which are important in the initial defense against viral infections like influenza. Some human clinical trials have suggested that beta-glucan supplementation may reduce the incidence and severity of upper respiratory tract infections, though these studies often do not specifically focus on laboratory-confirmed influenza.

A few randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have found that beta-glucans may decrease the occurrence or duration of symptoms of respiratory infections, particularly in populations prone to illness (e.g., athletes, older adults). However, robust evidence specifically targeting influenza is limited, and most studies include a mix of respiratory viruses. Systematic reviews conclude that while beta-glucans appear safe and may offer modest benefit in reducing the risk or severity of respiratory tract infections in general, high-quality evidence for their efficacy against influenza specifically is lacking. Thus, the current scientific support is modest and warrants further investigation.

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