Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 2

Beta glucans are naturally occurring polysaccharides found in the cell walls of cereals, bacteria, and fungi. Their use to support or treat influenza is primarily based on their immunomodulatory properties—specifically, their ability to activate components of the innate immune system such as macrophages and natural killer cells. A number of animal studies and small human trials have indicated that beta glucans may help enhance host resistance to viral infections, including influenza, by promoting an immune response. For example, research has shown that oral or intranasal administration of beta glucans in mice can reduce influenza virus replication and improve survival rates. In humans, there are a few small studies suggesting that beta glucan supplementation may decrease the incidence of upper respiratory tract infections, though these studies often focus on cold-like symptoms and do not specifically address laboratory-confirmed influenza infection.

However, robust clinical evidence in humans—especially large, well-controlled trials directly examining influenza outcomes—is lacking. Most available studies are preliminary, have small sample sizes, or focus on general immune enhancement rather than influenza per se. Therefore, while there is some scientific rationale and limited supportive evidence, beta glucans cannot be considered a proven therapy for influenza. They may be used as adjunctive immune support, but should not replace vaccination or antiviral medications in preventing or treating influenza.

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