Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 3

Polyphenols are a diverse group of plant-derived compounds found in foods such as fruits, vegetables, tea, and cocoa. There is a growing body of scientific evidence suggesting that polyphenols may help support or treat Inflammatory Bowel Disorders (IBD), including Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. Preclinical studies in animal models and in vitro experiments have demonstrated that polyphenols possess anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and immunomodulatory properties. These effects are believed to attenuate the inflammatory processes that drive IBD pathology. For example, flavonoids, a major class of polyphenols, have been shown to reduce pro-inflammatory cytokine production and inhibit NF-κB signaling pathways in intestinal tissues.

Several small-scale human studies and pilot clinical trials have reported that polyphenol-rich extracts (such as curcumin from turmeric, resveratrol from grapes, and green tea catechins) may reduce disease activity or improve symptoms in IBD patients. However, the evidence is not yet robust, as most clinical trials are limited by small sample sizes, short durations, and heterogeneity in polyphenol types and dosages. Meta-analyses suggest a potential benefit but call for larger, well-controlled studies to confirm efficacy and safety. Thus, while there is a scientific rationale and some supportive human evidence, polyphenols are not yet considered a primary or standalone therapy for IBD but are often discussed as adjunctive or complementary agents.

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