Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 3

Beta-caryophyllene (BCP) is a natural bicyclic sesquiterpene found in numerous plants, notably black pepper, cloves, and cannabis. It has garnered significant scientific interest for its anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties, especially through its unique action as a selective agonist of the cannabinoid receptor type 2 (CB2). In the context of Inflammatory Bowel Disorders (IBD)—which include Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis—preclinical studies have demonstrated that BCP can reduce inflammation and tissue damage in animal models. For example, several rodent studies indicate that oral administration of BCP decreases colonic inflammation, suppresses pro-inflammatory cytokines (such as TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6), and improves histopathological outcomes in models of chemically-induced colitis. The CB2-mediated modulation of the immune response is thought to be central to these effects, resulting in reduced leukocyte infiltration and oxidative stress in the gut.

However, while laboratory and animal evidence is promising, clinical trials in humans are currently lacking. There is no robust data yet demonstrating efficacy or safety of BCP for IBD in human patients. As such, the scientific basis for using BCP in IBD is primarily preclinical, and further research—particularly well-designed human studies—is necessary before BCP can be recommended as a treatment for IBD. Nonetheless, its mechanism and preclinical efficacy suggest potential as a novel adjunctive therapy.

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