Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 2

Prebiotics are non-digestible food components, typically fibers, that promote the growth of beneficial gut microbiota. There is some scientific evidence suggesting that prebiotics may help support immune function, which could, in turn, influence susceptibility and response to viral infections. Several studies have shown that prebiotics such as fructooligosaccharides (FOS), galactooligosaccharides (GOS), and inulin can modulate the gut microbiome and enhance the activity of immune cells, including natural killer cells and T lymphocytes. Some randomized controlled trials in adults and children have reported reduced incidence or duration of upper respiratory tract infections with prebiotic supplementation. However, the effects are generally modest, and the quality of evidence is variable, with many studies having small sample sizes or being sponsored by manufacturers. The mechanisms are thought to involve increased production of short-chain fatty acids and improvement in gut barrier function, both of which can influence systemic immune responses. Overall, while there is some scientific rationale and preliminary clinical support for prebiotics in modulating immune response to viral infection, the evidence is not robust or specific enough to make strong recommendations for their use in the prevention or treatment of viral infections, hence the moderate-low rating.

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