Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 2

Lactoperoxidase is an enzyme found in milk, saliva, and other secretions, and is a component of the innate immune system. Its antiviral properties are supported by laboratory and some animal studies, though clinical evidence in humans remains limited. The enzyme catalyzes the oxidation of thiocyanate ions in the presence of hydrogen peroxide, producing compounds with antimicrobial and antiviral activity. In vitro studies have shown that lactoperoxidase can inhibit the replication of certain viruses, including herpes simplex virus and influenza virus, by disrupting viral envelopes or inhibiting viral entry into host cells. Some research suggests that lactoperoxidase-containing oral care products may reduce viral load in the mouth, but studies in actual human infections are scarce. Lactoperoxidase has been incorporated into a few medical and hygiene products for its presumed antiviral and antibacterial activities, especially in oral health. However, robust clinical trials demonstrating efficacy against viral infections in humans are lacking. Therefore, while the antiviral potential of lactoperoxidase is scientifically plausible and its use is grounded in mechanistic laboratory evidence, the overall clinical evidence remains preliminary and insufficient for strong recommendations. More high-quality human studies are needed to establish its therapeutic value for treating or preventing viral infections.

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