Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 3

Streptococcus salivarius is a commensal bacterium naturally found in the human oral cavity and upper respiratory tract. Its use to support or help prevent bacterial infections, particularly in the oral and pharyngeal regions, is primarily backed by scientific evidence. Several strains of S. salivarius, such as K12 and M18, have been developed as oral probiotics and studied for their ability to inhibit pathogenic bacteria like Streptococcus pyogenes (a common cause of streptococcal pharyngitis) and Streptococcus mutans (associated with dental caries). These probiotic strains produce bacteriocins, including salivaricin A and B, which can suppress the growth of pathogenic bacteria.

Clinical studies have shown that regular use of S. salivarius K12 can reduce the incidence of recurrent pharyngitis and tonsillitis in children and adults. Some studies also report a decrease in episodes of streptococcal sore throat and oral infections. However, most research focuses on prevention rather than treatment of acute infections, and the overall quality of evidence is moderate, with some small randomized controlled trials and open-label studies. There is currently limited evidence for its efficacy against non-oral bacterial infections. Thus, while S. salivarius is not a substitute for antibiotics in established infections, it may provide adjunctive support in prevention and reduction of recurrence for certain bacterial infections in the oral and upper respiratory tract.

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