Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 3

Saccharomyces species, most notably Saccharomyces boulardii, are probiotic yeasts that have been studied for their potential role in supporting or treating certain bacterial infections, particularly those affecting the gastrointestinal tract. Scientific evidence supports their use primarily in the prevention and management of antibiotic-associated diarrhea (AAD) and Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI). Several randomized controlled trials and meta-analyses have shown that S. boulardii can reduce the risk of AAD in both adults and children. It is believed to exert its effects by restoring the balance of gut microbiota, enhancing the intestinal barrier, and modulating immune responses. Additionally, S. boulardii has demonstrated the ability to inhibit the adhesion and growth of some pathogenic bacteria and to neutralize bacterial toxins, particularly those from C. difficile and Escherichia coli. However, the evidence is generally strongest for gastrointestinal infections and complications related to antibiotic use, rather than for systemic bacterial infections. The use of unspecified Saccharomyces strains for treating bacterial infections outside the gut is not well-supported. Most clinical guidelines limit recommendations to S. boulardii for specific indications. Thus, while there is scientific validation for the use of certain Saccharomyces strains as adjuncts in the management of certain bacterial infections, the evidence is moderate (rated at 3) and condition-specific.

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