Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 3

Phenol has a well-documented history of use as an antimicrobial and antiseptic agent. Its application in medicine dates back to the 19th century when Joseph Lister introduced phenol (then known as carbolic acid) for antiseptic surgery to prevent bacterial infections. Phenol acts by denaturing proteins and disrupting cell membranes, leading to the destruction of bacteria and other microorganisms. Although its use as a topical antiseptic is now limited due to toxicity and the availability of safer alternatives, phenol is still incorporated in some disinfectants, throat sprays, and oral analgesic preparations to reduce bacterial load and provide symptomatic relief.

Modern scientific studies confirm phenol’s antibacterial properties in vitro, and it remains a reference standard for evaluating the efficacy of other disinfectants (the "phenol coefficient" test). However, its clinical use is now restricted mostly to surface disinfection, topical applications (such as in oral ulcer treatment), and in certain medical procedures (e.g., chemical matrixectomy for ingrown toenails). Systemic use for the treatment of bacterial infections is not practiced due to severe toxicity. In summary, phenol's use for treating or supporting bacterial infection is scientifically validated for external/localized applications, but its role is limited by safety concerns and the development of more effective, less toxic agents.

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Other ingredients used for Infection (bacterial)

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