Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 2

Beta-glucans are polysaccharides found in the cell walls of cereals, bacteria, and fungi, and they have been investigated for their immunomodulatory effects. Scientific studies, primarily preclinical and some limited clinical trials, suggest that beta-glucans can enhance immune system activity by activating macrophages, neutrophils, and natural killer cells, which play a role in defending against bacterial infections. Animal studies have shown that beta-glucan supplementation can improve resistance to certain bacterial infections, and in vitro studies demonstrate enhanced phagocytosis and cytokine production.

However, high-quality human clinical evidence supporting the use of beta-glucans to prevent or treat bacterial infections is limited. Some small trials in humans have shown reduced incidence or severity of infections (such as respiratory tract infections) in populations taking beta-glucan supplements, but the results are inconsistent and the studies often have methodological limitations. There is insufficient evidence to recommend beta-glucans as a standalone treatment for bacterial infections, and they are not a substitute for antibiotics or standard medical care. Overall, while there is a plausible scientific rationale and early supportive evidence, the strength of evidence remains moderate to low and further research is needed to establish efficacy in humans.

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