Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 3

Acetic acid, commonly known as vinegar, has a long history of use as a topical antimicrobial agent, especially in the management of bacterial infections such as those caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa in wounds and burns. Modern scientific studies have validated its efficacy, particularly for topical application. Clinical and in vitro research demonstrates that acetic acid solutions (typically 0.5% to 5%) can inhibit the growth of several pathogenic bacteria, including multidrug-resistant strains. Key mechanisms involve lowering pH and disrupting bacterial cell membranes, which impedes bacterial survival and biofilm formation. Guidelines and systematic reviews support acetic acid's use as a cost-effective, accessible adjunct in wound care, particularly when conventional antibiotics are ineffective or contraindicated.

However, the evidence base is largely composed of case series, small clinical trials, and laboratory studies, rather than large randomized controlled trials. Its use is generally limited to topical application; systemic use is not supported. Adverse effects such as local irritation or pain can occur, especially at higher concentrations. Overall, while acetic acid is scientifically validated for certain topical infections, especially in wound care, the quality and quantity of the evidence is moderate, meriting a rating of 3 out of 5.

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