Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 3

2′-Fucosyllactose (2′-FL) is a human milk oligosaccharide (HMO) that has garnered scientific interest for its role in supporting immune health, particularly in relation to bacterial infections. The scientific evidence supporting its use is primarily preclinical and early clinical, leading to a moderate evidence rating of 3 out of 5. Studies have demonstrated that 2′-FL can serve as a decoy receptor for pathogenic bacteria such as Escherichia coli and Campylobacter jejuni, preventing their adhesion to the gut epithelium and subsequent colonization or infection. Additionally, 2′-FL has been shown to modulate the gut microbiota, promoting the growth of beneficial bacteria like Bifidobacterium species, which can further inhibit pathogenic bacteria through competitive exclusion and production of antimicrobial compounds.

Clinical trials in infants have suggested that formula supplemented with 2′-FL is associated with reduced rates of respiratory and gastrointestinal infections compared to standard formula. However, most of these studies are limited in size or duration, and there is a relative paucity of robust, large-scale randomized controlled trials in broader populations. Nevertheless, the mechanistic basis for its protective effects against bacterial infections is well established in laboratory settings, and early human studies are promising. Thus, while 2′-FL is not a stand-alone treatment for bacterial infections, its inclusion in infant nutrition is scientifically validated to support the development of the immune system and lower the risk of certain bacterial infections.

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