Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 3

Sulfated polysaccharides, particularly those derived from marine algae (such as fucoidan, carrageenan, and ulvan), have been investigated for their potential anti-infective properties. Laboratory and preclinical studies have demonstrated that these compounds can exert antiviral, antibacterial, and even some antifungal effects. Mechanistically, sulfated polysaccharides can inhibit viral attachment and entry by mimicking cell surface glycosaminoglycans, thereby blocking virus-host interactions. For example, carrageenan has shown efficacy against a variety of viruses, including herpes simplex virus and certain respiratory viruses, in cell culture and animal studies. Some topical products, such as nasal sprays containing iota-carrageenan, have reached the market in Europe and other regions, with small clinical trials suggesting reduced symptoms or duration of common cold infections.

Despite this promising preclinical and limited clinical data, robust, large-scale human trials are lacking for most indications. The majority of evidence is confined to in vitro studies or animal models, and the clinical relevance—especially for oral ingestion or systemic use—is not fully established. Therefore, while there is a scientific rationale and some early human evidence supporting the use of certain sulfated polysaccharides for infection prevention or treatment, the strength of evidence is moderate at best (rated 3/5). More rigorous clinical trials are needed to confirm efficacy and safety in humans.

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