Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 2

Shiitake mushrooms (Lentinula edodes) have a longstanding history in traditional East Asian medicine, where they were often used to promote health and longevity. More recently, scientific research has begun to investigate their potential to support immune function and combat infections. Shiitake contains several bioactive compounds, notably lentinan, a beta-glucan polysaccharide. Studies have shown that lentinan can modulate immune activity, enhancing the function of macrophages, natural killer cells, and T cells, which play key roles in the body’s defense against pathogens.

Some in vitro and animal studies suggest that lentinan and other shiitake extracts may have antiviral, antibacterial, and antifungal properties. There is limited clinical research in humans; a small number of studies suggest shiitake supplementation may enhance immune markers and reduce the incidence of common infections, such as colds, but robust evidence from large, well-controlled trials is lacking. The use of lentinan as an adjunct in cancer therapy in Japan further underscores its immune-modulating properties, but this does not directly equate to treating or preventing infections.

Overall, while there is some scientific basis for shiitake’s immune-supportive effects, direct evidence for its use to treat or prevent infections in humans remains preliminary. Thus, the evidence rating is 2 out of 5—suggestive but not conclusive, and more human studies are needed.

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