Ilex asprella, commonly known as "Gang Mei Gen" in traditional Chinese medicine, is used for its purported infection-fighting properties, particularly in the context of upper respiratory tract infections, influenza, and other febrile diseases. Recent scientific studies have begun to validate some of these traditional uses. Phytochemical investigations have revealed that Ilex asprella roots contain triterpenoid saponins, which possess notable anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects. Several in vitro and in vivo studies have demonstrated that extracts of Ilex asprella exhibit inhibitory activity against certain viruses (such as influenza virus) and bacteria, supporting its traditional application for infections.

While clinical trials in humans are limited, animal studies and laboratory assays suggest that the herb's constituents can help modulate immune responses and reduce inflammation, which may indirectly support the body in combating infections. However, the existing evidence primarily stems from preclinical research, and high-quality randomized controlled trials in humans are still lacking. As such, the scientific evidence is promising but not yet conclusive, warranting a moderate evidence rating of 3 out of 5.