Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 3

Bee propolis has a long history of use in traditional medicine systems for treating infections, but in recent years, a growing body of scientific literature has investigated its antimicrobial properties. Propolis is a resinous substance collected by bees from plant buds and used to seal and protect their hives. It contains a complex mix of polyphenols, flavonoids, and aromatic acids, many of which have demonstrated antibacterial, antiviral, and antifungal activity in laboratory studies. In vitro experiments show that propolis extracts can inhibit the growth of various bacteria, including Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, as well as certain fungi and viruses. Animal studies and small clinical trials suggest possible benefits for oral infections (such as periodontitis and oral candidiasis) and upper respiratory tract infections. However, while laboratory and preliminary human data are promising, large-scale, high-quality clinical trials are still limited. The variability in propolis composition based on geographic and botanical origin also complicates standardization. Overall, the evidence for propolis as a supportive agent for infection is moderately strong in preclinical settings, with some clinical evidence, but more rigorous trials are needed to confirm its efficacy and safety in humans.

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