Synopsis

Source of validity: Traditional
Rating (out of 5): 3

Bitter principles, found in plants such as gentian, artichoke, and dandelion, have a long history of traditional use for aiding digestion and treating indigestion (dyspepsia). Historically, various cultures have employed "bitters"—preparations made from bitter herbs—as digestive tonics. The rationale behind their use is that the bitter taste stimulates taste receptors on the tongue, which in turn is believed to trigger reflexes that increase the secretion of saliva, gastric juices, and bile. This is thought to enhance the digestive process and alleviate symptoms like bloating, fullness, and discomfort after eating.

While the traditional use is well documented and forms the basis for their inclusion in many herbal digestive remedies, scientific validation is moderate. Some clinical studies suggest that certain bitter herbs (such as Gentiana lutea and Cynara scolymus) may increase gastric and bile secretions, supporting the traditional claims. However, the overall body of evidence is not robust, and mechanisms are not fully elucidated. Systematic reviews and larger, high-quality clinical trials are lacking, so while the traditional use is strong and there is some scientific support, definitive conclusions cannot yet be drawn.

In summary, the use of bitter principles for indigestion is rooted primarily in tradition, with moderate but not conclusive scientific evidence supporting their effectiveness.

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