Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 3

Baking powder is sometimes confused with baking soda (sodium bicarbonate), but they are not the same. Baking powder contains sodium bicarbonate along with an acidifying agent and a drying agent. The scientific evidence for using sodium bicarbonate (the key alkaline component in both baking soda and baking powder) to treat indigestion or heartburn (acid indigestion) is moderate. Sodium bicarbonate acts as an antacid by neutralizing stomach acid, and it has been used for decades in over-the-counter antacid products. Clinical guidelines and pharmacopeias recognize sodium bicarbonate as a short-term remedy for heartburn and indigestion. However, baking powder itself is not specifically recommended as an antacid, mainly due to the presence of additional components (acid salts and starch) that may not be beneficial or could cause side effects if consumed in large quantities.

Despite this, the underlying scientific rationale for using an alkaline substance such as sodium bicarbonate is valid. It reacts with hydrochloric acid in the stomach, resulting in the formation of water and carbon dioxide, temporarily reducing acidity. However, use should be limited and not habitual, as excessive intake can lead to metabolic alkalosis, electrolyte imbalances, and other complications. For these reasons, while there is scientific support for the alkaline component found in baking powder, the evidence for baking powder itself as a treatment for indigestion is modest and not as robust as for pure sodium bicarbonate (baking soda).

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