Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 2

Vitamin D has been investigated in relation to hypothyroidism, particularly autoimmune thyroid disorders such as Hashimoto’s thyroiditis. Several studies have found that people with hypothyroidism—especially those with autoimmune origins—are more likely to have low levels of vitamin D compared to healthy controls. Observational studies suggest a correlation between vitamin D deficiency and increased risk of developing autoimmune thyroid disease. Some small interventional studies have shown that vitamin D supplementation may reduce thyroid antibody levels (such as anti-TPO antibodies) in individuals with Hashimoto's thyroiditis, potentially indicating a modulatory effect on thyroid autoimmunity.

However, the evidence for vitamin D supplementation as a direct treatment for hypothyroidism itself (i.e., to improve thyroid hormone levels or clinical symptoms) is limited and mixed. Most randomized controlled trials are small, with variable designs and outcomes. There is insufficient evidence to support vitamin D as a primary or standalone therapy for hypothyroidism. Nonetheless, correcting vitamin D deficiency is recommended for overall health and may have some adjunctive benefit in autoimmune thyroid conditions.

In summary, while there is a scientific rationale and some supportive evidence for vitamin D’s role in thyroid autoimmunity, high-quality clinical trials demonstrating a direct therapeutic effect on hypothyroidism are lacking. Therefore, the evidence supporting its use for hypothyroidism is rated as low to moderate.

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