Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 3

Sodium salts, most commonly in the form of sodium chloride (table salt), are scientifically validated for use in certain cases of hypotension (low blood pressure), especially when the hypotension results from low blood volume or sodium depletion. The underlying rationale is that increasing sodium intake expands extracellular fluid volume through osmotic retention of water, thereby increasing blood pressure. This approach is well-documented in clinical management of specific hypotensive states such as orthostatic hypotension, Addison’s disease (adrenal insufficiency), or after significant fluid loss due to vomiting, diarrhea, or excessive sweating. In such cases, sodium supplementation can be administered orally or intravenously (as saline solution). However, the use of sodium for hypotension is not universal and must be carefully considered, especially in patients with comorbidities like heart failure, kidney disease, or hypertension, where sodium loading can be harmful. There is a moderate level of evidence (rating: 3/5) supporting sodium supplementation in secondary hypotension due to hypovolemia or hyponatremia, as reflected in standard medical textbooks and clinical guidelines. Randomized controlled trials in this specific setting are limited, but physiological studies and clinical experience support its use. Conversely, sodium supplementation is not indicated for all forms of hypotension, particularly where the cause is unrelated to sodium or fluid deficit.

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