Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 2

Phytoestrogens are plant-derived compounds that can mimic or modulate the action of estrogen in the body, and they have been studied for their potential to alleviate menopausal symptoms such as hot flashes. The most common phytoestrogens are isoflavones (found in soy and red clover), lignans (found in flaxseed), and coumestans. Epidemiological observations have noted that women in countries with high dietary phytoestrogen intake (e.g., Japan) report fewer menopausal symptoms. Several randomized controlled trials and meta-analyses have investigated the effect of phytoestrogens, particularly soy isoflavones, on hot flashes. The results are mixed: some studies demonstrate a modest reduction in hot flash frequency and severity compared to placebo, while others show little to no effect. A 2016 Cochrane review concluded that there is some evidence for a small benefit, but the effect is likely less than that of hormone replacement therapy and is inconsistent across studies. Safety profiles are generally favorable, though long-term effects remain uncertain. In summary, the use of phytoestrogens for hot flashes is rooted in scientific investigation with some evidence of efficacy, but the overall effect is modest and not consistently demonstrated.

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