Phyllanthus fraternus, closely related to Phyllanthus niruri, has been traditionally used in Ayurvedic and other traditional medicine systems for liver-related ailments, including hepatitis. However, its use is also supported by a growing body of scientific research. Several preclinical and clinical studies have demonstrated that extracts of Phyllanthus fraternus possess hepatoprotective, antiviral, and antioxidant properties. Notably, research has shown inhibition of hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA polymerase and suppression of HBV surface antigen expression in vitro. Animal studies indicate protective effects against chemically-induced liver damage, likely due to its polyphenolic and lignan constituents.

Limited clinical trials, some of which include mixed Phyllanthus species, have reported reductions in viral load and improvements in liver enzyme levels in patients with chronic hepatitis B, although results are variable and often involve small sample sizes or short durations. Systematic reviews and meta-analyses suggest potential benefit, but also highlight the need for larger, high-quality randomized controlled trials to confirm efficacy and safety. In summary, while Phyllanthus fraternus is traditionally used for hepatitis, the practice is now partially justified by scientific evidence, although this evidence is moderate rather than definitive.