Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 4

Immunoglobulin, specifically hepatitis B immune globulin (HBIG), is scientifically validated for use in the prevention of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. HBIG is a preparation of antibodies derived from human plasma with high titers of anti-HBs (hepatitis B surface antibody). It is primarily used as post-exposure prophylaxis to prevent hepatitis B infection in individuals who have been exposed to the virus, such as newborns of HBsAg-positive mothers, healthcare workers after needlestick injuries, or sexual contacts of individuals with acute HBV infection. Additionally, HBIG is used in combination with hepatitis B vaccination to prevent reinfection in liver transplant recipients with prior HBV infection. Multiple clinical studies and guidelines from organizations such as the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and the World Health Organization (WHO) support the efficacy of HBIG in reducing the risk of HBV infection when administered promptly after exposure. However, immunoglobulin preparations are not effective for hepatitis C or hepatitis A treatment. For hepatitis A, immune globulin is used for short-term prophylaxis, but not for treatment. There is no immunoglobulin product for hepatitis C. In summary, the use of immunoglobulin for hepatitis is scientifically justified, but its application is specific to hepatitis B prevention (and hepatitis A prophylaxis), rather than treatment of established hepatitis. The evidence base is strong for HBV post-exposure prophylaxis, but immunoglobulin is not used for treating active hepatitis infections.

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