Phyllanthus urinaria has been traditionally used in various Asian medicinal systems, particularly in Ayurveda and Traditional Chinese Medicine, for supporting liver health and treating jaundice and other hepatic conditions. Historical texts and ethnobotanical surveys document its use for alleviating symptoms related to liver dysfunction, including hepatitis and liver inflammation. The plant contains a range of bioactive compounds such as lignans, flavonoids, and tannins, which are believed to contribute to its traditional hepatoprotective effects.

Scientific studies, mostly in vitro and in animal models, provide some supportive evidence for these traditional uses. Research demonstrates that extracts of Phyllanthus urinaria can reduce liver enzyme levels, protect liver cells from chemically-induced damage, and exhibit antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. A few small clinical trials have explored its efficacy in hepatitis B virus (HBV) infections, with mixed results; some studies suggest a reduction in viral markers, while others show minimal effect. However, these studies often suffer from methodological limitations such as small sample sizes and inconsistent extract standardization.

In summary, while traditional use of Phyllanthus urinaria for liver support is well-documented and some preclinical evidence is promising, robust clinical validation is still lacking. Its continued use is primarily justified by historical precedent, with moderate support from early scientific research.