Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 2

Betanin, a red pigment found in beetroots (Beta vulgaris), has been explored for its potential effects on the hepatic (liver) system. Several preclinical studies, mainly in animal models and in vitro, indicate that betanin exhibits antioxidant and hepatoprotective properties. It appears to protect liver cells from oxidative stress and damage induced by various toxins, such as carbon tetrachloride or ethanol. For example, some studies have shown that betanin administration can reduce liver enzyme markers (AST, ALT) and histopathological damage in rodents exposed to hepatotoxins. The proposed mechanisms include scavenging of free radicals, modulation of inflammatory pathways, and enhancement of endogenous antioxidant enzyme activity (such as glutathione peroxidase). However, evidence in humans is currently very limited. Most data come from animal and cell studies, and there are no large, well-controlled clinical trials directly demonstrating that betanin supplementation improves liver function or protects against liver disease in humans. While beetroot and its extracts have a long history of traditional use for general health, the specific use of isolated betanin for liver health is not well established in traditional medicine. Overall, betanin shows promise as a hepatoprotective agent based on early scientific research, but clinical validation in humans is lacking, justifying a moderate evidence rating.

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