Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 3

Rutosides, also known as rutin, are flavonoid compounds found in various plants, most notably in buckwheat and certain fruits. They have been used in the management of hemorrhoids primarily due to their purported effects in strengthening capillary walls, reducing capillary permeability, and exhibiting anti-inflammatory properties. Several clinical studies and reviews have investigated the use of rutosides, especially in combination with other flavonoids (such as diosmin and hesperidin), for the treatment of chronic venous insufficiency and hemorrhoids.

A number of randomized controlled trials and meta-analyses have shown that micronized purified flavonoid fractions, which include rutosides, can reduce symptoms such as bleeding, pain, and swelling associated with hemorrhoids. The most robust evidence comes from studies of combination preparations (e.g., diosmin, hesperidin, and rutosides), so the specific contribution of rutosides alone is less clear. However, rutosides are thought to contribute to the overall effect due to their ability to reduce inflammation and improve venous tone.

International guidelines, such as those from the American Society of Colon and Rectal Surgeons, acknowledge the use of flavonoid mixtures as an adjunct in the management of symptomatic hemorrhoids, though they do not specifically single out rutosides. The evidence is moderate (rated here as 3 out of 5), as most studies involve combination products and there is a lack of large, high-quality trials examining rutosides alone.

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