Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 4

Salicylates, such as acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin), have a well-established scientific basis for use in treating headaches, particularly tension-type headaches and mild to moderate migraine attacks. The analgesic (pain-relieving), antipyretic (fever-reducing), and anti-inflammatory properties of salicylates are attributed to their ability to inhibit cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymes, which play a key role in the formation of prostaglandins involved in pain and inflammation. Clinical studies and systematic reviews have demonstrated that aspirin is effective in reducing headache intensity and improving associated symptoms. For example, a 2010 Cochrane review concluded that 900-1000 mg of aspirin provides significant relief from acute migraine in adults, with efficacy comparable to some other standard treatments. Its use for simple headaches is also supported by decades of clinical use and inclusion in treatment guidelines from organizations such as the American Headache Society. However, salicylates are not effective for all types of headaches (e.g., some cluster headaches or severe migraines may require other therapies) and are contraindicated in certain populations (such as children with viral illnesses, due to Reye's syndrome risk). Overall, the evidence supporting salicylate use for general headache is robust, justifying a high evidence rating.

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