Carotenoids, a class of pigments found in many fruits and vegetables, have been studied for their potential benefits in oral and periodontal health, including the gums. Their antioxidant properties are thought to help reduce oxidative stress and inflammation, both of which play a role in periodontal disease. Some studies have shown that higher dietary intake or serum levels of carotenoids (such as beta-carotene, lycopene, and lutein) are associated with better periodontal status and reduced risk of gum disease. For example, research published in peer-reviewed journals has noted inverse correlations between carotenoid levels and measures of periodontal inflammation, such as bleeding on probing and pocket depth.

However, clinical trials specifically evaluating carotenoid supplementation for gum health are limited, and most evidence comes from observational studies or studies using whole foods rich in carotenoids rather than isolated supplements. While the biological plausibility is strong, and there is some support for a role in gum health via antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, the direct evidence is not robust enough to warrant a high rating. Therefore, carotenoids are sometimes included in oral health supplements based on their general antioxidant profile, but their use for gum support is supported by moderate scientific, rather than traditional, evidence.