Synopsis

Source of validity: Traditional
Rating (out of 5): 3

Alum (potassium aluminum sulfate) has a long history of traditional use in oral care, particularly for supporting gum health. In many cultures, it has been used as an astringent to help tighten gums, reduce bleeding, and promote oral hygiene. Its astringent properties are believed to constrict body tissues, which can help reduce inflammation and bleeding, making it a common ingredient in traditional tooth powders and mouth rinses across South Asia and the Middle East. While modern scientific evidence is limited, some in vitro and small-scale clinical studies suggest alum may have antibacterial effects against oral pathogens and could aid in reducing gingival bleeding. However, these studies are not comprehensive, and robust clinical trials are lacking. The majority of the evidence for alum’s use in gum care comes from historical and ethnomedicinal practices rather than contemporary scientific research. Overall, alum continues to be included in some traditional oral care formulations, but caution is advised as excessive or prolonged use can potentially irritate mucous membranes or disrupt oral microbiota. The evidence rating reflects the strong traditional basis for its use, with modest support from preliminary scientific findings.

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