Boerhavia diffusa, commonly known as Punarnava, has a longstanding history of use in traditional Ayurvedic and Unani medicine for the management of gout and similar inflammatory conditions. In these systems, it is classified as a "rasayana" herb with reputed diuretic, anti-inflammatory, and uric acid-lowering properties. The root and aerial parts are often included in formulations intended to alleviate the symptoms of gout by promoting the excretion of uric acid and reducing joint swelling.

Modern scientific evidence supporting these uses is limited but emerging. Some preclinical studies (in vitro and animal models) have shown that extracts of Boerhavia diffusa can exert anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects, and a few reports suggest a mild uricosuric (uric acid excreting) activity. However, robust clinical trials in humans are lacking, and there is insufficient direct evidence to confirm its efficacy or safety for gout treatment in the context of modern medicine.

In summary, the use of Boerhavia diffusa for gout is primarily justified by traditional medical practice, with some preliminary but inconclusive scientific indications. Until more rigorous clinical research is conducted, its use for gout should be considered as complementary and guided by traditional rationale rather than scientific validation.