Punarnava (Boerhavia diffusa) is a well-known herb in Ayurveda, traditionally used for its diuretic, anti-inflammatory, and rejuvenating properties. Its use in goiter (enlargement of the thyroid gland) is primarily rooted in traditional Ayurvedic practice rather than strong scientific evidence. In classical Ayurvedic texts, goiter is referred to as "Galaganda," and punarnava is sometimes included in herbal formulations meant to balance the doshas and manage swelling and fluid retention, which can accompany thyroid enlargement. The herb’s perceived ability to reduce swelling and support the body’s detoxification processes is the likely rationale for its inclusion in such treatments.

However, direct scientific studies specifically evaluating punarnava’s efficacy for goiter or thyroid disorders are sparse. Most research on punarnava focuses on its anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective, and diuretic effects, rather than endocrine or thyroid-specific actions. As such, while there is a longstanding history of its use in polyherbal mixtures for goiter in traditional medicine, this use is not substantiated by rigorous clinical trials or robust pharmacological evidence targeting thyroid function. In summary, punarnava’s role in goiter management is justified by Ayurvedic tradition, with limited direct scientific validation. Individuals interested in using punarnava for thyroid conditions should consult healthcare professionals, as scientific support for this specific use remains weak.