Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 3

Bismuth—specifically as bismuth subsalicylate—is an active ingredient in several over-the-counter medications, such as Pepto-Bismol, commonly used for gastrointestinal symptoms including gas and bloating. The scientific basis for its use comes from several mechanisms: bismuth subsalicylate has mild antacid properties, can reduce inflammation in the gut, and possesses antibacterial activity, particularly against Helicobacter pylori. Clinical trials and systematic reviews have shown effectiveness primarily in the treatment of indigestion (dyspepsia), diarrhea, and some infectious gastrointestinal conditions.

With regard to gas and bloating, the evidence is more limited and indirect. Some clinical studies suggest modest benefit for general dyspeptic symptoms, which can include bloating, but the relief of gas is not as robustly supported as for other symptoms like nausea or diarrhea. The mechanism by which bismuth might reduce bloating is thought to be related to antibacterial effects that could alter gut flora and reduce gas production, and possibly via a mild local anti-inflammatory action. However, systematic reviews (e.g., Cochrane) note that high-quality evidence specific to gas and bloating is lacking, and most benefits are extrapolated from broader dyspepsia studies. Thus, while its use is supported by scientific rationale and some clinical data, the strength of evidence specifically for gas and bloating is moderate at best.

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Products containing Bismuth