Kava root (Piper methysticum) has been traditionally used in the South Pacific for its calming and anxiolytic effects. Scientific research has supported this traditional use, particularly in relation to its influence on the GABAergic system. Kavalactones, the primary active compounds in kava, are thought to modulate GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid) receptors in the brain, which play a significant role in reducing neuronal excitability and promoting relaxation.

Clinical studies and meta-analyses have demonstrated that kava extract can reduce symptoms of anxiety more effectively than placebo, and its mechanism of action is believed to involve enhancement of GABA neurotransmission without the sedative or dependency risks associated with benzodiazepines. For example, a 2003 Cochrane review found that kava was superior to placebo for short-term treatment of anxiety. However, concerns about rare cases of hepatotoxicity have led to regulatory restrictions in some countries.

Overall, there is scientific validation for the use of kava root to support the GABAergic body system and to promote relaxation and reduce anxiety. While effective for many, users should be aware of potential liver-related side effects and consult healthcare professionals before use.