Pine bark extract, particularly from the French maritime pine (Pinus pinaster), is well-recognized for its antioxidant properties, which are relevant to combating free radical damage. The active compounds in pine bark are a group of polyphenols known as proanthocyanidins. These compounds have been shown in numerous in vitro and in vivo studies to possess strong free radical scavenging activity, thereby helping to reduce oxidative stress in biological systems.

Clinical research supports these findings: studies involving standardized pine bark extracts such as Pycnogenol® have demonstrated reduced markers of oxidative stress in healthy individuals as well as in patients with chronic conditions such as diabetes and cardiovascular disease. For example, a 2006 study published in Phytotherapy Research found that supplementation with Pycnogenol® significantly improved antioxidant status and reduced oxidative markers in human volunteers. Similar results have been found in other randomized controlled trials.

While pine bark has also been used traditionally for various ailments, its application specifically for free radical damage is primarily supported by modern scientific research rather than historical use. The overall evidence base, including both laboratory and clinical studies, rates the scientific support as strong, although ongoing research may further clarify its long-term benefits and optimal dosages.