Panax ginseng has been studied for its antioxidant properties, which are relevant to the mitigation of free radical damage. Scientific evidence suggests that ginsenosides, the primary active compounds in Panax ginseng, can enhance antioxidant enzyme activity and reduce oxidative stress in cellular and animal models. Several in vitro and in vivo studies have demonstrated that extracts of Panax ginseng, as well as isolated ginsenosides, can scavenge free radicals and upregulate the body's endogenous antioxidant defenses, such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, and glutathione peroxidase.

While preclinical studies provide a mechanistic rationale for the antioxidant effects of ginseng, human clinical trials are limited. Some small human studies report improved antioxidant status or reduced markers of oxidative stress following ginseng supplementation; however, these are often limited by small sample sizes or short durations. Reviews and meta-analyses note potential but generally call for larger, more rigorous trials.

In summary, there is scientific evidence from laboratory and some clinical research supporting the use of Panax ginseng for reducing free radical damage, primarily due to its antioxidant effects. However, the overall quality and quantity of human evidence is moderate, so the rating reflects promising but not definitive support.