Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 4

Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) is a major polyphenolic compound found in green tea, and its use to support or treat free radical damage is primarily justified by scientific evidence. EGCG acts as a powerful antioxidant, meaning it can neutralize free radicals—unstable molecules that can damage cells and contribute to aging and diseases such as cancer, cardiovascular disease, and neurodegenerative disorders.

Numerous in vitro and in vivo studies have demonstrated EGCG’s antioxidant activity. Research shows that EGCG can scavenge reactive oxygen species (ROS), inhibit oxidative stress, and upregulate endogenous antioxidant enzymes like superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase. For example, a 2002 study in Free Radical Biology and Medicine demonstrated that EGCG effectively protected cells from oxidative DNA damage. Human studies are somewhat more limited but suggest that regular consumption of green tea or EGCG supplements can decrease biomarkers of oxidative stress and improve antioxidant status.

While most clinical trials use green tea extracts rather than isolated EGCG, the compound is generally considered the primary active antioxidant. The evidence base is robust in preclinical models, with growing support from human studies. Thus, the use of EGCG for supporting free radical damage is considered scientifically validated, with a good but not absolute level of clinical evidence (rated 4 out of 5).

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