Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 3

Carnosine is a naturally occurring dipeptide composed of beta-alanine and histidine, found in high concentrations in muscle and brain tissues. Its use to support or treat free radical damage is primarily justified by scientific evidence, although much of this evidence is preclinical. Carnosine acts as an endogenous antioxidant, scavenging reactive oxygen species (ROS) and chelating metal ions that can catalyze free radical generation. Several in vitro and animal studies have demonstrated its ability to reduce oxidative stress and prevent cellular damage induced by free radicals. For example, research published in Free Radical Biology & Medicine and Biochemistry (Moscow) indicates that carnosine can inhibit lipid peroxidation, protein carbonylation, and DNA oxidation.

However, while preclinical data are robust, clinical studies in humans are limited and often small in scale. Some trials suggest potential benefits of carnosine supplementation in reducing markers of oxidative stress in certain populations, such as the elderly or people with diabetes, but results are not yet conclusive. The mechanism of action—direct scavenging of ROS and modulation of endogenous antioxidant enzymes—supports its theoretical benefit. Nonetheless, more large-scale human studies are needed to firmly establish its efficacy. Overall, carnosine’s use for free radical damage is scientifically plausible and supported by a moderate level of evidence, but not yet definitive.

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