Astragaloside, a key active compound found in Astragalus membranaceus, is often used for its purported antioxidant properties, which relate to its role in combating free radical damage. The traditional use of Astragalus in Chinese medicine primarily centers on immune support and vitality, but recent scientific studies have begun to elucidate its potential mechanisms in reducing oxidative stress at the cellular level.

Several in vitro and animal studies have demonstrated that astragalosides, particularly astragaloside IV, can enhance the activity of endogenous antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, and glutathione peroxidase. These enzymes play a crucial role in neutralizing reactive oxygen species (ROS) and minimizing oxidative damage to cells and tissues. For example, research published in Phytotherapy Research and Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity has shown that astragaloside IV can reduce markers of oxidative stress in models of cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases.

However, while these findings are promising, the evidence remains primarily preclinical, with a limited number of well-designed human trials to confirm efficacy in reducing free radical damage. Thus, the scientific rationale for using astragalosides against free radical damage is supported by moderate-quality experimental data, but more robust clinical studies are needed to fully validate its benefit in humans.