Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 3

Stem cells have been investigated as a potential treatment for fibrosis in various organs, such as the liver, lungs, heart, and kidneys. Fibrosis is characterized by excessive deposition of extracellular matrix proteins, leading to tissue scarring and loss of organ function. Preclinical studies (in animal models) have shown that different types of stem cells, including mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs), can exert anti-fibrotic effects. These effects are thought to be mediated through paracrine signaling that modulates immune responses, inhibits activation of fibrogenic cells (like myofibroblasts), and promotes tissue repair. Some early-phase clinical trials in humans have explored stem cell therapy for fibrotic diseases such as idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and liver cirrhosis. Results have been mixed but generally suggest that stem cell therapy is safe and may have modest benefits in reducing fibrosis or improving organ function. However, these studies are typically small and lack long-term follow-up. To date, there is no broad, regulatory approval for stem cell therapy as a standard treatment for fibrosis, and more robust, large-scale clinical trials are needed. In summary, while there is a scientific rationale and promising preclinical evidence for using stem cells in fibrosis, clinical evidence remains preliminary. The overall strength of evidence is moderate (rated 3 out of 5), reflecting a field that is actively researched but not yet established in routine clinical practice.

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