Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 2

Isothiocyanates are a group of compounds derived from cruciferous vegetables such as broccoli, Brussels sprouts, and cabbage. The most studied isothiocyanate in relation to fibrosis is sulforaphane. Preclinical research suggests that isothiocyanates possess anti-fibrotic properties. Animal and in vitro studies indicate that isothiocyanates may inhibit key pathways involved in fibrosis, such as the TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway, reduce oxidative stress, and suppress the activation of fibroblasts and the deposition of extracellular matrix components. For example, sulforaphane has been shown to attenuate fibrosis in models of liver, lung, and cardiac fibrosis by reducing inflammation and oxidative damage. However, the current evidence is limited to laboratory and animal studies. There are no well-controlled clinical trials in humans that demonstrate efficacy for isothiocyanates in treating or preventing fibrosis in any organ system. As such, while the mechanistic rationale is promising and there is supportive preclinical data, the evidence base is still preliminary. More research, particularly randomized controlled trials in humans, is needed to validate the therapeutic potential of isothiocyanates for fibrosis. Until then, their use for this purpose is supported by scientific rationale but lacks robust clinical validation.

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