Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 2

Cayenne pepper, which contains the active compound capsaicin, is sometimes used to support or treat symptoms associated with Fibromyalgia Syndrome (FMS). The justification for its use is primarily scientific, though the evidence base is modest. Capsaicin is known for its analgesic properties and is used topically in creams or patches to alleviate various types of chronic pain, including neuropathic and musculoskeletal pain. Its mechanism of action involves depletion of substance P, a neuropeptide involved in transmitting pain signals, from nerve endings. Several small studies and clinical trials have investigated topical capsaicin for chronic pain syndromes. Some have included fibromyalgia patients, reporting modest but statistically significant improvements in pain scores when capsaicin cream is used over several weeks. However, these studies are generally small and of limited duration, and the effect size is usually considered mild to moderate. There is little evidence for the efficacy of oral cayenne or capsaicin supplements for fibromyalgia. Most authoritative guidelines, such as those from the American College of Rheumatology, do not include capsaicin as a primary treatment for fibromyalgia, but it may be suggested as an adjunct for pain relief. Adverse effects are generally limited to local skin irritation with topical formulations. Overall, while there is some scientific rationale and limited supporting evidence for topical capsaicin in fibromyalgia, it is not a cornerstone of treatment and should be considered as part of a broader pain management strategy.

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