Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 3

Lignans are a group of polyphenolic compounds found in plants, particularly in seeds (such as flaxseed), whole grains, and vegetables. They are considered phytoestrogens—plant-derived compounds with estrogen-like activity. Scientific studies suggest that lignans can influence estrogen metabolism, which is relevant to the female reproductive system. Research has shown that lignan intake may be associated with a reduced risk of hormone-related cancers, such as breast cancer, although findings are not entirely consistent. Some intervention trials have demonstrated that lignan supplementation (mainly from flaxseed) can alter menstrual cycle length and hormone levels, which may have implications for conditions like polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) or menopausal symptoms. However, the majority of clinical evidence focuses on flaxseed lignans specifically, rather than unspecified lignans as a general group. The mechanism is thought to involve modulation of estrogen receptors and the conversion of lignans by gut bacteria into enterolignans, which are bioactive. While there is promising evidence supporting the role of lignans in modulating the female hormone environment, more large-scale and well-controlled human studies are needed to establish definitive benefits and optimal intake levels. Overall, the scientific evidence is moderate (rating: 3) and mainly centers on specific lignans such as those from flaxseed, rather than all lignans collectively.

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