Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 3

Gamma linolenic acid (GLA) is an omega-6 fatty acid found in plant oils such as evening primrose oil, borage oil, and black currant seed oil. Its use to support the female reproductive system, particularly for conditions like premenstrual syndrome (PMS), cyclical breast pain (mastalgia), and menopausal symptoms, has some scientific backing, though evidence is mixed and often limited in quality.

Several clinical studies have explored GLA's role in alleviating PMS symptoms and cyclical breast pain. For example, a 2010 systematic review in Obstetrics and Gynecology International suggested that evening primrose oil (rich in GLA) may provide modest relief for cyclical mastalgia, though results were not always statistically significant and larger, high-quality trials are needed. Another review in Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (2009) found insufficient evidence to support GLA for PMS, but some small studies have noted improvements in symptoms such as breast tenderness, irritability, and bloating.

The hypothesized mechanism involves GLA’s conversion to anti-inflammatory prostaglandins, which may help modulate hormonal fluctuations and inflammatory pathways associated with menstrual and menopausal symptoms. However, consensus in the scientific community is lacking, and authoritative bodies such as the National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health (NCCIH) state that more research is required.

In summary, while there is some scientific rationale and preliminary evidence for GLA’s use in supporting female reproductive health, particularly for PMS and cyclical breast pain, the evidence is moderate (rated 3/5) and not robust enough for unequivocal endorsement.

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Products containing gamma linolenic acid (GLA)

Nature's Sunshine Evening Primrose Oil
Nature's Sunshine Natural Changes
Nature's Sunshine Super GLA