Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 2

Isothiocyanates are a group of naturally occurring compounds found in cruciferous vegetables such as broccoli, Brussels sprouts, and kale. The most widely studied isothiocyanate, sulforaphane, has drawn scientific attention for its potential role in metabolic and liver health, including non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Preclinical research (in vitro and animal models) suggests that isothiocyanates may exert hepatoprotective effects through several mechanisms, such as activation of the Nrf2 pathway, reduction of oxidative stress, and modulation of inflammation and lipid metabolism. For example, studies have shown that sulforaphane can suppress hepatic lipid accumulation and reduce liver inflammation in mouse models of fatty liver disease.

However, evidence from human clinical trials is limited. A small number of pilot studies and observational research indicate possible benefits, but there is not yet robust, large-scale clinical data to confirm efficacy or establish optimal dosing in humans with fatty liver disease. While dietary intake of isothiocyanate-rich vegetables may correlate with improved liver markers, causality and the impact of isolated isothiocyanate supplementation remain unclear.

Therefore, while there is a scientific rationale and preliminary evidence supporting the use of isothiocyanates for fatty liver disease, the overall quality and quantity of evidence is modest, justifying a rating of 2 out of 5 for scientific support at this time.

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