Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 3

Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) is the primary catechin found in green tea and is often used in dietary supplements marketed for supporting fat metabolism and weight management. Scientific interest in EGCG as a fat metabolism aid is based on its ability to influence energy expenditure and fat oxidation. Several randomized controlled trials and meta-analyses have suggested that EGCG, especially when combined with caffeine, can increase fat oxidation and thermogenesis, leading to modest reductions in body weight and fat mass. Proposed mechanisms include the inhibition of catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT), which increases norepinephrine levels and stimulates fat breakdown, as well as potential effects on gene expression involved in fat metabolism.

However, while there is consistent evidence for a small, positive effect of EGCG and green tea extracts on fat metabolism and weight loss, these effects are generally modest—often amounting to a few kilograms over several months—and tend to be more pronounced in individuals with overweight or obesity. Results are variable and sometimes confounded by the presence of caffeine, as studies using decaffeinated extracts show smaller effects. The overall quality of evidence is moderate, with some heterogeneity among studies and potential publication bias. Thus, while scientific evidence supports a modest benefit, EGCG should not be considered a standalone treatment for poor fat metabolism, but rather as a possible adjunct to diet and exercise.

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