Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 5

Vitamin A (including its ester form, vitamin A acetate or retinyl acetate) is scientifically validated in the management and prevention of certain eye problems, particularly those related to vitamin A deficiency. Vitamin A is essential for the normal functioning of the retina, especially for the formation of rhodopsin, a pigment critical for vision in low-light conditions. Deficiency in vitamin A can lead to night blindness and, with prolonged deficiency, can progress to xerophthalmia, a spectrum of ocular diseases that includes dryness of the conjunctiva and cornea, Bitot’s spots, and ultimately, irreversible blindness due to corneal ulceration. Numerous clinical studies, as well as recommendations from the World Health Organization (WHO), support vitamin A supplementation as an effective intervention to prevent and treat these deficiency-related eye conditions, especially in populations at risk (such as children in developing countries). Additionally, vitamin A is used therapeutically in some inherited retinal disorders (e.g., retinitis pigmentosa), although this use is more controversial and should be closely monitored. However, vitamin A supplementation does not improve vision or treat other kinds of eye diseases, such as myopia, glaucoma, or age-related macular degeneration, in individuals without deficiency. Excessive intake can be toxic. Overall, the use of vitamin A to support or treat deficiency-related eye problems is strongly supported by high-quality scientific evidence.

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