Vitamin A is scientifically validated as essential for eye health, particularly for its role in vision and the prevention of certain eye problems. It is a precursor of retinal, a component of rhodopsin, which is a protein in the retina necessary for low-light (scotopic) and color vision. Deficiency of vitamin A is a well-established cause of night blindness and, in severe cases, can lead to xerophthalmia, keratomalacia, and ultimately irreversible blindness. The World Health Organization recognizes vitamin A supplementation as a key intervention to prevent blindness in populations at risk of deficiency, particularly in children in developing countries. Numerous clinical and epidemiological studies have shown that vitamin A supplementation reduces the incidence and severity of xerophthalmia and other ocular manifestations of deficiency. While vitamin A supplementation does not treat all eye diseases, its role in preventing and treating deficiency-related vision problems is strongly supported by scientific evidence. Excessive supplementation, however, can cause toxicity and should be avoided unless deficiency is present or dietary intake is inadequate.